Laptop atau komputer jinjing adalah komputer bergerak yang
berukuran relatif kecil dan ringan, beratnya berkisar dari 1-6 kg,
tergantung ukuran, bahan, dan spesifikasi laptop tersebut. Sumber daya
laptop berasal dari baterai atau adaptor A/C
yang dapat digunakan untuk mengisi ulang baterai dan menyalakan laptop
itu sendiri. Baterai laptop pada umumnya dapat bertahan sekitar 1 hingga
6 jam sebelum akhirnya habis, tergantung dari cara pemakaian,
spesifikasi, dan ukuran baterai. Laptop terkadang disebut juga dengan komputer notebook atau notebook saja.
Sebagai komputer pribadi, laptop memiliki fungsi yang sama dengan komputer destop (desktop computers)
pada umumnya. Komponen yang terdapat di dalamnya sama persis dengan
komponen pada destop, hanya saja ukurannya diperkecil, dijadikan lebih
ringan, lebih tidak panas, dan lebih hemat daya.
Komputer jinjing kebanyakan menggunakan layar LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) berukuran 10 inci hingga 17 inci tergantung dari ukuran laptop itu sendiri. Selain itu, papan ketik yang terdapat pada laptop gratis juga kadang-kadang dilengkapi dengan papan sentuh yang berfungsi sebagai "pengganti" tetikus. Papan ketik dan tetikus tambahan dapat dipasang melalui soket Universal Serial Bus maupun PS/2 jika tersedia.
Berbeda dengan komputer desktop,
laptop memiliki komponen pendukung yang didesain secara khusus untuk
mengakomodasi sifat komputer jinjing yang portabel. Sifat utama yang
dimiliki oleh komponen penyusun laptop adalah ukuran yang kecil, hemat
konsumsi energi, dan efisien. Komputer jinjing biasanya berharga lebih
mahal, tergantung dari merek dan spesifikasi komponen penyusunnya,
walaupun demikian harga komputer jinjing pun semakin mendekati desktop
seiring dengan semakin tingginya tingkat permintaan konsumen
Sumber : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop
Nama-nama ilmuwan komputer
A
- Martín Abadi - Logika BAN (Burrows-Abadi-Needham logic)
- Hal Abelson
- Samson Abramsky
- Hamid Yassin Adem - CASE tool
- Leonard Adleman - Algoritma RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) dalam kriptografi
- Manindra Agrawal - Polynomial-time Primality Testing
- Alfred Aho - Bahasa pemrograman AWK
- Gene Amdahl - Hukum Amdahl
- Tom Anderson - Dependabilty, Fault Tolerant Computing
- Andrew Appel - Buku teks kompiler
- John Vincent Atanasoff - Penemu komputer elektronik pertama (komputer Atanasoff-Berry)
[sunting]B
- Charles Babbage - Penemu komputer mesin pertama kali
- Charles Bachman
- John Backus - FORTRAN
- David A. Bader
- Anthony Barr - SAS System
- Rudolf Bayer - B-tree
- Gordon Bell - DEC VAX, Struktur komputer
- Steven M. Bellovin -- Network security
- Dines Bjørner - VDM dan RAISE
- Gerrit Blaauw - salah seorang pembuat desain dari IBM System 360
- Manuel Blum - Kriptografi
- Grady Booch - Unified Modeling Language, Object Management Group
- George Boole - Boolean logic
- Bert Bos - Cascading Style Sheets
- Jonathan Bowen - Z notation dan formal methods
- Steve Bourne - Bourne Shell, kompiler portabel: ALGOL 68C
- Robert Boyer - Pencarian string dan ACL2 theorem prover
- Jack E. Bresenham - Kontributor grafika komputer: Bresenham's algorithm
- Per Brinch Hansen ( "Brinch Hansen") - concurrency
- Fred Brooks - System 360, OS/360, The Mythical Man-Month, No Silver Bullet
- Rod Brooks
- Alan Burns - Real-time Systems
[sunting]C
- Luca Cardelli - objects
- Edwin Catmull - Grafika komputer (Computer graphics)
- Vinton Cerf - Internet, TCP/IP
- Gregory Chaitin
- Zhou Chaochen - Duration Calculus
- Alonzo Church - mathematics of combinators and lambda calculus
- John Cocke - RISC
- Edgar F. Codd - formulated the database relational model
- Stephen Cook - NP-completeness
- James Cooley - FFT
- Fernando J. Corbató - CTSS, Multics
- Peter Cousins - EAI, ESB
- Patrick Cousot - abstract interpretation
- Seymour Cray - Cray Research, supercomputer
- Dave Cutler - RSX-11, VMS, Windows NT
[sunting]D
- Ole-Johan Dahl - Simula
- Christopher J. Date - proponent of database relational model
- Dorothy Denning - security
- Peter Denning - identified the use of an operating system's working set and balance set, President of ACM
- Michael Dertouzos - Director of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) since 1974, Oxygen (project)
- Alexander Dewdney
- Vinod Dham-The so-called father of the Pentium processor.
- Whitfield Diffie - Cryptography
- Edsger Dijkstra - Algorithms Goto considered harmful Semaphore (programming)
- Jack Dongarra - Linear Algebra high performance computing
- Marco Dorigo - Ant-Colony Optimization
[sunting]E
- Annie J. Easley
- Wim Ebbinkhuijsen - Cobol
- John Presper Eckert
- Philip-Emeagwali - Superkomputer
- Douglas Engelbart
- Andrey Ershov
- Christopher Evans
- Dave Evans - Grafika komputer (computer graphics)
- Shimon Even
- Eugene Kaspersky
[sunting]F
- Scott Fahlman
- Edward Feigenbaum - intelligence
- Michael Feldman
- Edward Felten - security
- Tim Finin
- Raphael Finkel
- Tommy Flowers - COLOSSUS
- Robert Floyd - NP-completeness
- James D. Foley
- Ken Forbus
- Herbert W. Franke
- Daniel P. Friedman
[sunting]G
- Richard Gabriel
- Zvi Galil
- Bernard Galler - MAD
- Hector Garcia-Molina
- Michael Garey - NP-Completeness
- Hugo de Garis
- David Gelernter
- Charles Geschke
- Kurt Gödel - Computability
- Joseph Goguen
- Adele Goldberg - Smalltalk
- Oded Goldreich - cryptography, computational complexity theory
- Shafi Goldwasser - cryptography, computational complexity theory
- Gene Golub - Matrix (math) computation
- James Gosling - NeWS, Java
- Paul Graham
- Susan L. Graham - Compilers, Programming environments
- Jim Gray - Database
- Bill Griswold - Software engineering
- Ralph Griswold - Snobol string processing languages
- Ramanathan V. Guha - RDF, Netscape, RSS (file format), Epinions
- Peter G. Gyarmati - Adaptivity in operating systems and networking
[sunting]H
- Philipp Matthäus Hahn - kalkulator mekanis
- Joseph Halpern
- Per Brinch Hansen (lihat B, "Brinch Hansen")
- Wim Hartman
- Juris Hartmanis - teori kompleksitas (computational complexity theory)
- Johan Håstad - computational complexity theory
- Les Hatton - Kerawanan dan kegagalan Software
- Martin Hellman
- John L. Hennessy - Arsitektur komputer
- Danny Hillis - Connection Machine
- Geoffrey Hinton
- C. A. R. Hoare - Logic, rigor, CSP
- John Henry Holland - Algoritma genetik
- Hermann Hollerith
- Douglas Hofstadter - menulis Gödel, Escher, Bach, AI
- Herman Hollerith - Pembuat mesin kartu berlubang pertama untuk IBM
- John Hopcroft - Kompilator
- Admiral Grace Hopper - Kompilator, COBOL
- Alston Householder
- David A. Huffman - Kode Huffman
[sunting]I
[sunting]J
- Ivar Jacobson - Unified Modeling Language, Object Management Group
- Ramesh Jain
- Jonathan James
- David S. Johnson
- Stephen C. Johnson
- Cliff Jones - VDM
- Michael I. Jordan
- Bill Joy - Sun Microsystems, BSD UNIX, vi, csh
[sunting]K
- William Kahan
- Robert E. Kahn - TCP/IP
- Avinash Kak
- Alan Kay - Dynabook, Smalltalk
- Richard Karp - NP completeness
- Narendra Karmarkar - Karmarkar's algorithm
- Jacek Karpinski
- Marek Karpinski - NP Optimization Problems
- Ken Kennedy - Compiling for parallel and vector machines
- Brian Kernighan - Unix
- Stephen Cole Kleene - Kleene closure, recursion theory
- Donald Knuth - The Art of Computer Programming, TeX, Literate programming
- Andrew Koenig - C++
- David Korn - Korn shell
- Kees Koster - ALGOL 68
- John Koza - Genetic programming
- Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov
- Robert Kowalski
- Thomas E. Kurtz - BASIC
[sunting]L
- Monica S. Lam
- Leslie Lamport - Algoritma paralel
- Butler W. Lampson
- Peter J. Landin
- Joshua Lederberg
- Manny M Lehman - Laws of Software Evolution
- Douglas Lenat - Artificial intelligence, Cyc
- Leonid Levin - computational complexity theory
- J.C.R. Licklider
- David Liddle
- Barbara Liskov - Bahasa pemrograman
- Ada Lovelace - Bahasa pemrogram pertama
- Nancy Lynch
[sunting]M
- Zohar Manna - Fuzzy logic
- John Mashey
- Yuri Matiyasevich - solving Hilbert's tenth problem
- John McCarthy - Lisp programming language, Artificial intelligence
- Douglas McIlroy - pipes
- Chris McKinstry - Artificial intelligence, Mindpixel
- Marshall Kirk McKusick - BSD, Berkeley Fast File System
- Lambert Meertens - Algol68, ABC programming language
- Bertrand Meyer - Eiffel
- Silvio Micali - kriptografi
- Robin Milner - ML
- Marvin Minsky - Artificial intelligence, perceptrons, Society of Mind
- Dr. Paul Mockapetris - Domain Name System (DNS)
- Cleve Moler - numerical analysis dan MATLAB
- Edward F. Moore - Mesin Moore (Moore's machine)
- Gordon Moore - Hukum Moore (Moore's law)
- J Strother Moore - pencarian string dan ACL2 theorem prover
- Hans Moravec
- Joel Moses - Macsyma
- Stephen Muggleton
[sunting]N
- Mihai Nadin - Anticipation research
- Frieder Nake - Pioneer in computer arts
- Peter Naur - BNF, Algol 60
- Roger Needham
- Bernard de Neumann - Massively parallel autonomous cellular processor, software engineering research
- John von Neumann - Early computers, von Neumann machine
- Allen Newell - Artificial intelligence, Computer Structures
- Max Newman - COLOSSUS and MADM
- Nils Nilsson - Artificial intelligence
- Jerre Noe
- Emmy Noether
- Peter Nordin - Artificial intelligence, genetic programming, and evolutionary robotics
- Donald Norman - User interfaces and usability
- Kristen Nygaard - Simula
[sunting]O
- John K. Ousterhout - Tcl
- Mark Overmars - pemrograman mainan (games programming)
[sunting]P
- Christos Papadimitriou
- Kamran Parsaye, Programming Language Semantics, Intelligent Databases
- David Patterson
- Judea Pearl - Artificial intelligence, Search
- Alan Perlis - Bahasa Perl
- Radia Perlman - Spanning-tree protocol
- Simon Peyton-Jones - Functional programming
- Gordon Plotkin
- Amir Pnueli - temporal logic
- Willem van der Poel - computer graphics, robotics, geographic information systems, imaging, multimedia, virtual environments, and games
- Hayden Porter
- Emil Post - mathematics
- Jon Postel - Internet
- Franco Preparata
[sunting]Q
[sunting]R
- T. V. Raman - Accessibility, Web Technology, AsTeR, Emacspeak, XForms XML Events
- Brian Randell - dependability
- Raj Reddy - AI
- David P. Reed
- Gustavo Restrepo
- John C. Reynolds
- Joyce K. Reynolds - Internet
- Adam Riese
- Dennis Ritchie - C, UNIX
- Ron Rivest - RSA
- Azriel Rosenfeld
- Guido van Rossum - Python programming language
- Rudy Rucker - Writer, Educator
- Steven Rudich - Complexity Theory, Cryptography
- Jeff Rulifson
- James Rumbaugh - Unified Modeling Language, Object Management Group
[sunting]S
- Carl Sassenrath - Operating systems, Programming languages, Amiga, REBOL
- Jean E. Sammet - Programming languages
- Thomas Sterling - Creator of Beowulf Clusters
- Wilhelm Schickard
- Doug Schmidt
- Dana Scott - domain theory
- Ravi Sethi - Compilers, 2nd Dragon Book
- Adi Shamir - RSA
- Claude Shannon - information theory
- David E. Shaw - Computational finance, computational biochemistry, parallel architectures
- Scott Shenker - networking
- Edward H. Shortliffe - MYCIN (Medical diagnostoc expert system)
- Herbert Simon - AI
- Daniel Sleator - Splay tree, Amortized Analysis, Link-Cut Trees, Persistent Data Structures
- Robert Sproull
- Richard Stallman - GNU Project
- Richard Stearns - computational complexity theory
- Guy L. Steele, Jr. - Scheme, Common Lisp
- Christopher Strachey - denotational semantics
- Michael Stonebraker - database practice and theory
- Bjarne Stroustrup - C++
- Madhu Sudan - computational complexity theory, coding theory
- Gerald Jay Sussman - Scheme
- Bert Sutherland - Graphics, Internet
- Ivan Sutherland - Graphics
[sunting]T
- Andrew S. Tanenbaum - Operating systems, Minix
- Robert Tarjan - splay tree
- Demetri Terzopoulos
- Larry Tesler - human-computer interaction, graphical user interface, Apple Macintosh
- Avie Tevanian - Mach kernel team, NeXT, Mac OS X
- Ken Thompson - Unix
- Walter F. Tichy - RCS
- Seinosuke Toda - Computation complexity, recipient of 1998 Gödel Prize
- Linus Torvalds - Linux
- Joseph F Traub - computational complexity of scientific problems
- John Tukey - FFT
- Alan Turing - British pioneer, Turing Machine
[sunting]U
- Jeffrey D. Ullman - Compilers, databases, Complexity theory
[sunting]V
- Leslie Valiant - computational complexity theory, computational learning theory
- Andries van Dam - Grafika komputer, hypertext
- Srinidhi Varadarajan - System X: VirginiaTech's Power Mac G5 Supercluster
- Vernor Vinge - penulis cerita Science fiction
[sunting]W
- Philip Wadler - Pemrograman fungsional
- David Wagner - Kriptografi
- Jan Weglarz
- Joseph Weizenbaum - AI, ELIZA
- Adriaan van Wijngaarden - Dutch pioneer; ARRA, ALGOL
- Maurice Vincent Wilkes - Microprogramming, EDSAC
- Manfred K. Warmuth - Computational Learning Theory
- James H. Wilkinson - Numerical analysis
- Sophie Wilson
- Shmuel Winograd - Coppersmith-Winograd algorithm
- Terry Winograd - AI, SHRDLU
- Niklaus Wirth - Pascal, Modula, and Oberon languages
- Stephen Wolfram - Mathematica
- William Wulf - Compilers, President of National Academy of Engineering
[sunting]X
[sunting]Y
[sunting]Z
- Lotfi Zadeh - Logika samar (Fuzzy logic)
- Egon Zakrajšek - Pioner dari negara Slovenia
- Konrad Zuse - Perintis perangkat keras (komputer Z3) dan perangkat lunak dari Jerman